做生物质气化的项目，从秸秆、稻壳、木屑这些原料进去，到可燃气出来，中间要经过热解、气化、净化好几道工序。很多业主把注意力集中在气化炉上，觉得只要气化效率高、产气量够，后面配台发电机组就能稳定发电了。实际运行下来才发现，机组三天两头报警停机，拆开一看，进气阀积碳、火花塞短路、机油乳化——问题都不在机组本身，而是气源带进来的杂质没处理干净。

The project of biomass gasification involves several processes, including pyrolysis, gasification, and purification, from the entry of raw materials such as straw, rice husk, and sawdust to the release of combustible gas. Many homeowners focus their attention on the gasifier, thinking that as long as the gasification efficiency is high and the gas production is sufficient, a generator set can be installed later to generate stable electricity. After actual operation, it was discovered that the unit would alarm and shut down every three days. Upon opening, it was found that the carbon buildup in the intake valve, short circuit in the spark plug, and oil emulsification were not the problem with the unit itself, but rather the impurities brought in by the air source that had not been properly treated.

生物质气的成分比天然气和沼气都复杂，杂质种类多。 生物质气化产生的可燃气主要成分是一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷和少量二氧化碳，但真正麻烦的是那些“微量”成分：焦油、粉尘、硫化氢、氯化氢、碱金属化合物。焦油在高温下是气态，温度一降就冷凝成粘稠液体，糊在管道、阀门和进气阀上；粉尘和碱金属颗粒会造成缸套和活塞环的磨料磨损；硫化氢和氯化氢遇水形成酸性物质，腐蚀气缸和油路。天然气机组直接烧没问题，生物质气如果不做深度净化就进机组，寿命和可靠性都撑不住。

The composition of biomass gas is more complex than natural gas and biogas, with a variety of impurities. The main components of the combustible gas produced by biomass gasification are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and a small amount of carbon dioxide, but the truly troublesome ones are those "trace" components: tar, dust, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, and alkali metal compounds. Tar is in a gaseous state at high temperatures and condenses into a viscous liquid as soon as the temperature drops, sticking to pipelines, valves, and intake valves; Dust and alkali metal particles can cause abrasive wear on cylinder liners and piston rings; Hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride react with water to form acidic substances, which corrode cylinders and oil circuits. Direct combustion of natural gas units is not a problem, but if biomass gas is not deeply purified before entering the unit, its lifespan and reliability cannot be sustained.

焦油处理是生物质气发电非常核心的难点。 气化炉出来的粗燃气里焦油含量高，建议经过降温、除焦、过滤这几步。常见的除焦方式有喷淋洗涤、电捕焦油、旋风分离、干式过滤等，根据气化工艺和气量组合使用。净化后的燃气焦油含量要控制到机组允许的范围内，一般要求降到每立方米几十毫克以下。这个环节如果做得不到位，焦油会在进气管道和缸内逐渐沉积，造成进气阀关不严、活塞环卡死、火花塞失效。很多机组频繁大修，拆开看到的黑色粘稠物就是焦油。净化段的投资和运行维护，是生物质气发电项目能不能长期稳定运行的关键。

Tar treatment is the most crucial challenge in biomass gas power generation. The crude gas from the gasifier has a high tar content and must go through several steps such as cooling, coke removal, and filtration. Common coke removal methods include spray washing, electrostatic tar precipitator, cyclone separation, dry filtration, etc., which are used in combination with gasification process and gas volume. The tar content of purified gas should be controlled within the allowable range of the unit, generally requiring a reduction to below tens of milligrams per cubic meter. If this step is not done properly, tar will gradually deposit in the intake pipe and cylinder, causing the intake valve to not close tightly, the piston ring to get stuck, and the spark plug to fail. Many units undergo frequent major repairs, and upon disassembly, the black viscous substance visible is tar. The investment and operation maintenance of the purification section are crucial for the long-term stable operation of biomass gas power generation projects.

粉尘和酸性气体，要在净化环节一并解决。 粉尘颗粒如果进入气缸，会像砂纸一样磨损缸套和活塞环，造成机油消耗增加、出力下降。酸性气体溶于冷凝水后腐蚀金属部件，还会加速机油劣化。因此净化系统不仅要除焦油，还要配除尘和脱酸环节。除尘一般用旋风分离器或者布袋除尘，脱酸可以用碱洗或者干式吸附。净化系统的压损要核算清楚，压损太大会影响机组的进气压力，导致出力不足。

Dust and acidic gases need to be addressed together in the purification process. If dust particles enter the cylinder, they will wear down the cylinder liner and piston ring like sandpaper, causing an increase in oil consumption and a decrease in output. Acidic gases dissolve in condensed water, corroding metal components and accelerating oil degradation. Therefore, the purification system not only needs to remove tar, but also needs to be equipped with dust removal and acid removal processes. Dust removal is generally carried out using cyclone separators or bag filters, while acid removal can be achieved through alkali washing or dry adsorption. The pressure loss of the purification system should be calculated clearly. If the pressure loss is too high, it will affect the intake pressure of the unit and lead to insufficient output.

气源波动和机组适应能力，要匹配起来考虑。 生物质气化炉的产气量受原料种类、含水率、气化温度影响，气量、热值都有波动。发电机组选型时要留出一定的调节余量，不能按峰值产量配到满负荷。另外，生物质气的热值通常比天然气低不少，机组需要针对性调整空燃比和点火参数。如果是多台机组并联运行，气量不足时轮换停机比让机组长期低负荷运行更经济。气柜或者缓冲罐在这种项目里很有必要，能平衡气化炉和机组之间的供需波动。

The fluctuation of gas source and the adaptability of the unit should be considered in conjunction. The gas production of biomass gasifier is affected by the type of raw materials, moisture content, and gasification temperature, and the gas volume and calorific value fluctuate. When selecting a generator set, a certain amount of adjustment margin should be left, and it cannot be allocated to full load according to peak production. In addition, the calorific value of biomass gas is usually much lower than that of natural gas, and the unit needs to adjust the air-fuel ratio and ignition parameters accordingly. If multiple units are running in parallel, rotating shutdowns when the gas volume is insufficient is more economical than allowing the units to operate at low load for a long time. Gas holders or buffer tanks are necessary in such projects to balance the supply and demand fluctuations between the gasifier and the unit.

运维成本要算在前面，不能只看设备报价。 生物质气发电的运维强度和成本比天然气发电高得多，机油更换周期短、火花塞消耗快、净化系统要定期清理，这些都是持续支出。选供应商时，除了看发电机组本身，还要看对方有没有生物质气净化的整体方案能力，以及类似项目的运行经验。气源净化做得好的项目，机组能连续跑几千小时不大修；净化敷衍的项目，三个月就得停一次。

The operation and maintenance cost should be included in the front, not just based on the equipment quotation. The operation and maintenance intensity and cost of biomass gas power generation are much higher than those of natural gas power generation, with shorter oil change cycles, faster consumption of spark plugs, and regular cleaning of purification systems, all of which are continuous expenses. When selecting a supplier, in addition to looking at the generator set itself, it is also necessary to consider whether the other party has the overall solution capability for biomass gas purification, as well as operational experience in similar projects. A project with good gas source purification, the unit can run continuously for thousands of hours without major repairs; The purification and perfunctory project needs to be stopped once every three months.

生物质气发电是把农林废弃物变成电的过程，但气化出来的气不等于能直接烧的气。把焦油、粉尘、酸性气体这些杂质处理到位，发电机组才能把它的价值发挥出来。

Biomass gas power generation is the process of converting agricultural and forestry waste into electricity, but the gas gasified does not equal the gas that can be directly burned. Only by properly treating impurities such as tar, dust, and acidic gases can the generator set fully realize its value.

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